It was produced by IBM Rochester in Minnesota as a low-end business computer aimed at smaller organizations that still used IBM series computers or unit record equipment.
Entry models had as few as 4K bytes of magnetic-core memory. Standard configuration for storage was one or two fixed disks, each in a separate pull-out drawer, which typically held the operating system and user-developed programs.
Additionally, each fixed disc could have a removable cartridge disk attached; these typically contained the data-files associated with various applications, for example Payroll, and users frequently had a number of them.
Thus the low-end systems could support a maximum of 10 MB of online storage two fixed, 2 removable , although in practice this was very expensive and not common.
It featured a new punched card format that was smaller and stored 96 characters. Data was stored in six-bit binary-coded decimal code, with three rows of 32 characters each, or 8-bit EBCDIC , with the two extra holes located in the top rows.
Cards had room for printed characters in four rows of 32 characters each. The smaller, and thus lighter card could be processed with faster equipment and with fewer jams.
Offline storage was available with the purchase of an external tape drive which read and wrote standard IBM tape content.
The system could only run two programs simultaneously, except for the model 15 or systems running the Communications Control program, CCP. The CCP was a system control programming feature that allowed to support an online network of terminals.
A smaller IBM printer was attached to the main system. The instruction set was optimised for two key aspects of the product: The first 4 bits conveyed a lot of information: If xx was 00 the operand was addressed by its full bit address.
A base address would previously have been loaded into one of the two index registers and the instruction contained the displacement of up to just bytes 8 bits of addressing.
Other patterns for this first half-byte indicated a 2-operand instruction. The remaining 4 bits of the first byte further defined the instruction.
This structure meant that there was the capability to have up to 64 operations in all: As well as the two index registers already mentioned referred to as 1 and 2, or binary 01 and 10 there were other registers.
Among these was the conditional branch mnemonic BC which used it to point to the byte immediately following the branch operation.
Very useful when branching to a sub-routine, and returning after it had processed. Finally, "Reg 16" was the program status register PSR , holding such things as the results of a compare instruction.
Note that registers were used only for addressing and program status, not for arithmetic. Multiplication and division were not provided for by the standard hardware, and had to be handled by software routines.
There was no floating point provision at all. Though still using bit addressing, all these systems could support well over 64K of main storage up to K and theoretically more , so address translation was used to swap from one 64K address space to another.
Address Translation Registers were set to define the actual address space in use at any one time, their contents being concatenated with the bit address used by a program to produce a real address.
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Thin Daler-Rowney Decoupage Medium with water and apply over the surface of the paper. Allow it to dry fully and then use System 3 colours.
Mix System 3 Textile Printing Medium in roughly equal quantities with colour to give strong colours with fine definition and wash fastness over twenty or more washes.
Use a cranked blade knife to keep your hands off the surface. Use this to create edges and ridges, then wipe off any excess colour and reload the knife.
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